Unit-02 -World & Dreams 



And then Gandhi Came - Jawaharlal Nehru

About The Author 

Jawaharlal Nehru (14 November 1889 - 27 May 1964) was the first Prime Minister of India. 

Jawaharlal Nehru promoted democracy, socialism, secularism and unity, while adapting modern values to Indian conditions. 

Nehru was a prolific writer in English and wrote a number of books, such as The Discovery of India, Glimpses of World History, and  An Autobiography.

In 1955, Nehru was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.

Word Meaning

Repressive - to put down by force = അടിച്ചമര്‍ത്തുക

Martial Law =പട്ടാളനിയമം

Humiliation - to make someone ashamed or embarrassed = അപമാനിക്കുക

Vicious -defective or faulty =ദുഷ്ടത നിറഞ്ഞ

Derelict -Abandoned by the owner or by the occupant  =ഉപേക്ഷിക്കപ്പെട്ട

Monster = അതിക്രൂരന്‍

Paralyse = ശക്തിയില്ലാതാക്കുക

Quagmire- A difficult or entrapping Position =പ്രതിസന്ധിഘട്ടം

Fearlessness ( abhaya ) -Free from fear or brave =നിര്‍ഭയമായ

Pervasive = വ്യാപകമായ

Morass = ഒരു സാഹചര്യം

Agony = കഠിനമായ കായികപീഡ

Oppressing = ദുസ്സഹമായ

Strangling - to obstruct  seriously or fatally = സ്വാതന്ത്യത്തെ ഞെരിച്ചമര്‍ത്തുക

Todays Assignment 

1)-The uncertain condition of India

Humiliation ,Unemployment ,Derelict nation , In the grip of some all-powerful monster

2)-The arrival of Gandhiji 

Saw political freedom taking a new shape

Removed the black pall of fear 

Like a powerful current of fresh air

Seemed to emerge from the millions of India

Psychological  Changes 

Questions 

Qu-1 )-What is referred to as the ‘all powerful monster?

Ans -)Repressive legislation and martial law is referred to as the ‘all powerful monster

Qu2)-What was the impact of the First World War ?

At the end of first world War repressive legislation and martial law was imposed by the colonial Government . A bitter sense of humiliation and a passionate anger filled Indian people. India  become a derelict nation .

Qu3)-What does Nehru mean by ‘And then Gandhi came’...?

Nehru meant  that Gandhi entered Indian politics at a time when there were no good leaders to lift India out of the exploitation of poverty and failure. Gandhi was like a beam of light that pierced the darkness and removed the scales from our eyes  . He seemed to emerge from the millions of India, speaking their language

Class-15 Unit-2  Chapter-1 Date : - 30-01-2021

Word Meaning

Pall - Cover =പുതപ്പ്‌

Scales =ചെതുമ്പല്‍

Phantom =മായാരൂപം

Furtive - Done in a quiet and secretive way to avoid being noticed =ആരുമറിയാതെ ചെയ്‌ത

Alien - Belonging to another person Place or things =അന്യരാജ്യത്തു നിന്നു വന്ന

Texture = Overall structure 

Plank = നയപ്രഖ്യാപനം

Depressed = Affected =ബാധിക്കുക

Props - To support to something =ആശ്രയം

Prestige - Something that arouses widespread respect or admiration = പേരും പെരുമയും

Qu4)-What Was the essence of Gandhiji’s teaching?

 The essence of Gandhiji's teaching was fearlessness and truth, and action allied to these, always keeping the welfare of the masses in view

Qu5)-What does the word ‘abhaya’ mean?

The Word Abhaya means Fearlessness ( Free from fear or brave)

Qu6)-What did Gandhiji exhort the people to do ?

Gandhiji exhorted  the people to be fearless . People were afraid of the British Army ,Police and the officials .The common people were afraid landlord's agents  ,moneylender . It was against this all pervading fear that Gandhi's quiet and determined voice was raised.

Today's Assignment 

1)-His teachings and methods

Fearlessness

Truth 

Welfare of the masses 

Psychological Changes 

Absence of fear from the mind. 

2)-Two - Fold Action

a-To challenge and resist the British rules 

b-To fight against our own social evils 

              Minority problems
              Raising of the depressed classes
              Ending of the curse of untouchability. 
Textbook  
Agony (n) : extreme physical or mental pain 
Derelict (adj) : not cared for 
Dismal (adj) : gloomy 
Flaunt (v) : to show something you are proud of to others 
Furtive (adj) : secret 
Interloper (n) : intruder 
Monster (n) : a creature that is very  ugly and frightening
Morass (n) : a complicated situation that is difficult to escape from Phantom (n) : frightening vision 
Prop (v) : support 
Quagmire (n) : a difficult and dangerous situation 
Repressive (adj) : Controlling people by force 
Strangle (v) : to kill by pressing on the throat 
Threshold (n) : door step